Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Schiff Base Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2-Aminophenol and <i>P</i>-chlorobenzaldehyde

Kehinde Ezekiel Ajibulu; Barizomdu Tina Pii; Victoria Ibukun Adebiyi; Rashidat Adebukola Nasiru

doi:doi:10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11

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Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Schiff Base Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2-Aminophenol and P-chlorobenzaldehyde

Kehinde Ezekiel Ajibulu^*

, Barizomdu Tina Pii

, Victoria Ibukun Adebiyi

, Rashidat Adebukola Nasiru

Published in Modern Chemistry (Volume 14, Issue 4)

Received: 12 September 2026 Accepted: 24 September 2026 Published: 29 October 2026

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Abstract

The growing resistance of microorganisms to existing antibiotics has increased the need for new and more effective antimicrobial agents. In this study, Schiff base ligand was synthesized from 2-aminophenol and p-chlorobenzaldehyde, and its cobalt (II) and lead (II) complexes. The compounds were characterized using melting point determination, solubility tests, Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Elemental analysis, and Magnetic susceptibility measurements. The FTIR spectrum of the ligand showed a characteristic band at 1610 cm_-1 due to the formation of azomethine (C=N) group, confirming Schiff base formation. In the metal (II) complexes, this band shifted to lower frequencies, 1638 and 1612 cm^-1 indicating coordination of the azomethine nitrogen to the metal ions. The O–H stretching band at 3429 cm^-1 for ligand shifted to 3257 and 3047 cm^-1upon complexation, suggesting involvement of the phenolic oxygen atom. UV–visible and magnetic data indicated an octahedral geometry around Pb(II) and tetrahedral around Co(II). Elemental analysis revealed the expected molecular compositions of the prepared Schiff base ligand. Antibacterial studies using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed that the metal complexes displayed higher inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains compared with the free ligand. This enhancement suggests that coordination with metal ions increases the biological effectiveness of the Schiff base. Overall, the results indicated formation and characterization of the Schiff base ligand and its cobalt (II) and lead (II) complexes, demonstrating their potential as promising antimicrobial agents.

Published in	Modern Chemistry (Volume 14, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11
Page(s)	109-115
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2026. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Schiff Base, Metal (II), 2-aminophenol, Antibacterial, Spectroscopy

References

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Ajibulu, K. E., Pii, B. T., Adebiyi, V. I., Nasiru, R. A. (2026). Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Schiff Base Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2-Aminophenol and P-chlorobenzaldehyde. Modern Chemistry, 14(4), 109-115. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11

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ACS Style

Ajibulu, K. E.; Pii, B. T.; Adebiyi, V. I.; Nasiru, R. A. Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Schiff Base Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2-Aminophenol and P-chlorobenzaldehyde. Mod. Chem. 2026, 14(4), 109-115. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11

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AMA Style

Ajibulu KE, Pii BT, Adebiyi VI, Nasiru RA. Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Schiff Base Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2-Aminophenol and P-chlorobenzaldehyde. Mod Chem. 2026;14(4):109-115. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11

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@article{10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11,
  author = {Kehinde Ezekiel Ajibulu and Barizomdu Tina Pii and Victoria Ibukun Adebiyi and Rashidat Adebukola Nasiru},
  title = {Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Schiff Base Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2-Aminophenol and P-chlorobenzaldehyde},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {109-115},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20261404.11},
  abstract = {The growing resistance of microorganisms to existing antibiotics has increased the need for new and more effective antimicrobial agents. In this study, Schiff base ligand was synthesized from 2-aminophenol and p-chlorobenzaldehyde, and its cobalt (II) and lead (II) complexes. The compounds were characterized using melting point determination, solubility tests, Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Elemental analysis, and Magnetic susceptibility measurements. The FTIR spectrum of the ligand showed a characteristic band at 1610 cm-1 due to the formation of azomethine (C=N) group, confirming Schiff base formation. In the metal (II) complexes, this band shifted to lower frequencies, 1638 and 1612 cm-1 indicating coordination of the azomethine nitrogen to the metal ions. The O–H stretching band at 3429 cm-1 for ligand shifted to 3257 and 3047 cm-1 upon complexation, suggesting involvement of the phenolic oxygen atom. UV–visible and magnetic data indicated an octahedral geometry around Pb(II) and tetrahedral around Co(II). Elemental analysis revealed the expected molecular compositions of the prepared Schiff base ligand. Antibacterial studies using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed that the metal complexes displayed higher inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains compared with the free ligand. This enhancement suggests that coordination with metal ions increases the biological effectiveness of the Schiff base. Overall, the results indicated formation and characterization of the Schiff base ligand and its cobalt (II) and lead (II) complexes, demonstrating their potential as promising antimicrobial agents.},
 year = {2026}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Schiff Base Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2-Aminophenol and P-chlorobenzaldehyde
AU  - Kehinde Ezekiel Ajibulu
AU  - Barizomdu Tina Pii
AU  - Victoria Ibukun Adebiyi
AU  - Rashidat Adebukola Nasiru
Y1  - 2026/10/29
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 109
EP  - 115
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11
AB  - The growing resistance of microorganisms to existing antibiotics has increased the need for new and more effective antimicrobial agents. In this study, Schiff base ligand was synthesized from 2-aminophenol and p-chlorobenzaldehyde, and its cobalt (II) and lead (II) complexes. The compounds were characterized using melting point determination, solubility tests, Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Elemental analysis, and Magnetic susceptibility measurements. The FTIR spectrum of the ligand showed a characteristic band at 1610 cm-1 due to the formation of azomethine (C=N) group, confirming Schiff base formation. In the metal (II) complexes, this band shifted to lower frequencies, 1638 and 1612 cm-1 indicating coordination of the azomethine nitrogen to the metal ions. The O–H stretching band at 3429 cm-1 for ligand shifted to 3257 and 3047 cm-1 upon complexation, suggesting involvement of the phenolic oxygen atom. UV–visible and magnetic data indicated an octahedral geometry around Pb(II) and tetrahedral around Co(II). Elemental analysis revealed the expected molecular compositions of the prepared Schiff base ligand. Antibacterial studies using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed that the metal complexes displayed higher inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains compared with the free ligand. This enhancement suggests that coordination with metal ions increases the biological effectiveness of the Schiff base. Overall, the results indicated formation and characterization of the Schiff base ligand and its cobalt (II) and lead (II) complexes, demonstrating their potential as promising antimicrobial agents.
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Kehinde Ezekiel Ajibulu

Department of Chemical Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere Ekiti, Nigeria

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-0065-8457
Barizomdu Tina Pii

Department of Chemical Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere Ekiti, Nigeria

http://orcid.org/0009-0009-1025-6134
Victoria Ibukun Adebiyi

Department of Chemistry, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa

http://orcid.org/0009-0003-6504-2092
Rashidat Adebukola Nasiru

Department of Chemical Sciences, Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere Ekiti, Nigeria

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Ajibulu, K. E., Pii, B. T., Adebiyi, V. I., Nasiru, R. A. (2026). Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Schiff Base Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2-Aminophenol and P-chlorobenzaldehyde. Modern Chemistry, 14(4), 109-115. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11

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ACS Style

Ajibulu, K. E.; Pii, B. T.; Adebiyi, V. I.; Nasiru, R. A. Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Schiff Base Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2-Aminophenol and P-chlorobenzaldehyde. Mod. Chem. 2026, 14(4), 109-115. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11

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AMA Style

Ajibulu KE, Pii BT, Adebiyi VI, Nasiru RA. Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Schiff Base Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2-Aminophenol and P-chlorobenzaldehyde. Mod Chem. 2026;14(4):109-115. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11

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@article{10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11,
  author = {Kehinde Ezekiel Ajibulu and Barizomdu Tina Pii and Victoria Ibukun Adebiyi and Rashidat Adebukola Nasiru},
  title = {Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Schiff Base Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2-Aminophenol and P-chlorobenzaldehyde},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {14},
  number = {4},
  pages = {109-115},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20261404.11},
  abstract = {The growing resistance of microorganisms to existing antibiotics has increased the need for new and more effective antimicrobial agents. In this study, Schiff base ligand was synthesized from 2-aminophenol and p-chlorobenzaldehyde, and its cobalt (II) and lead (II) complexes. The compounds were characterized using melting point determination, solubility tests, Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Elemental analysis, and Magnetic susceptibility measurements. The FTIR spectrum of the ligand showed a characteristic band at 1610 cm-1 due to the formation of azomethine (C=N) group, confirming Schiff base formation. In the metal (II) complexes, this band shifted to lower frequencies, 1638 and 1612 cm-1 indicating coordination of the azomethine nitrogen to the metal ions. The O–H stretching band at 3429 cm-1 for ligand shifted to 3257 and 3047 cm-1 upon complexation, suggesting involvement of the phenolic oxygen atom. UV–visible and magnetic data indicated an octahedral geometry around Pb(II) and tetrahedral around Co(II). Elemental analysis revealed the expected molecular compositions of the prepared Schiff base ligand. Antibacterial studies using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed that the metal complexes displayed higher inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains compared with the free ligand. This enhancement suggests that coordination with metal ions increases the biological effectiveness of the Schiff base. Overall, the results indicated formation and characterization of the Schiff base ligand and its cobalt (II) and lead (II) complexes, demonstrating their potential as promising antimicrobial agents.},
 year = {2026}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Microwave-assisted Synthesis, Characterization and Antibacterial Study of Schiff Base Metal (II) Complexes Derived from 2-Aminophenol and P-chlorobenzaldehyde
AU  - Kehinde Ezekiel Ajibulu
AU  - Barizomdu Tina Pii
AU  - Victoria Ibukun Adebiyi
AU  - Rashidat Adebukola Nasiru
Y1  - 2026/10/29
PY  - 2026
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 109
EP  - 115
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20261404.11
AB  - The growing resistance of microorganisms to existing antibiotics has increased the need for new and more effective antimicrobial agents. In this study, Schiff base ligand was synthesized from 2-aminophenol and p-chlorobenzaldehyde, and its cobalt (II) and lead (II) complexes. The compounds were characterized using melting point determination, solubility tests, Ultraviolet–visible (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Elemental analysis, and Magnetic susceptibility measurements. The FTIR spectrum of the ligand showed a characteristic band at 1610 cm-1 due to the formation of azomethine (C=N) group, confirming Schiff base formation. In the metal (II) complexes, this band shifted to lower frequencies, 1638 and 1612 cm-1 indicating coordination of the azomethine nitrogen to the metal ions. The O–H stretching band at 3429 cm-1 for ligand shifted to 3257 and 3047 cm-1 upon complexation, suggesting involvement of the phenolic oxygen atom. UV–visible and magnetic data indicated an octahedral geometry around Pb(II) and tetrahedral around Co(II). Elemental analysis revealed the expected molecular compositions of the prepared Schiff base ligand. Antibacterial studies using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli showed that the metal complexes displayed higher inhibitory activity against the tested bacterial strains compared with the free ligand. This enhancement suggests that coordination with metal ions increases the biological effectiveness of the Schiff base. Overall, the results indicated formation and characterization of the Schiff base ligand and its cobalt (II) and lead (II) complexes, demonstrating their potential as promising antimicrobial agents.
VL  - 14
IS  - 4
ER  -

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