Research Article
Physicochemical and Phytochemical Analysis of Honey Samples from Karnali Province, Nepal
Anup Basnet Chetry*
,
Man Bahadur Sijapati,
Chandra Sapkota,
Bipad Chaudhary,
Puspha Raj Achraya,
Shukra Raj Regmi
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
1-8
Received:
17 September 2025
Accepted:
13 October 2025
Published:
26 January 2026
Abstract: Honey is a widely recognized natural product valued for its nutritional, medicinal, and therapeutic properties. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of honey samples collected from diverse geographical regions. Key quality parameters—including pH, moisture content, electrical conductivity, total sugar profile, free acidity, and antioxidant activity—were analyzed using advanced analytical techniques such as spectrophotometry and chromatography. The results revealed significant variations in honey composition linked to floral origin, climatic conditions, and environmental factors. Higher antioxidant activity and phenolic content were observed in darker honey types, indicating stronger bioactive potential. Correlation analysis demonstrated clear relationships between physicochemical properties and botanical sources, highlighting their importance in honey authentication and regional differentiation. The study contributes to improving quality assurance frameworks, detecting adulteration, and promoting sustainable apiculture practices. Ultimately, these findings enhance consumer trust and support informed decision-making in the global honey trade.
Abstract: Honey is a widely recognized natural product valued for its nutritional, medicinal, and therapeutic properties. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the physicochemical and phytochemical characteristics of honey samples collected from diverse geographical regions. Key quality parameters—including pH, moisture content, electrical conduc...
Show More
Research Article
Physico-chemical and Bacteriological Evaluation, Based on the Water Quality Index (AQI) and the Inorganic Pollution Index (IPO) of Wastewater from an Oil Refinery
Haroun Ali Adannou*,
Salwa Fadoul Ahmat,
Hassan Souleymane Mahamat,
Aboubakar Ali Mahamat,
Ahmed Mohammed Mohagir
Issue:
Volume 14, Issue 1, March 2026
Pages:
9-21
Received:
5 December 2025
Accepted:
31 December 2025
Published:
27 January 2026
Abstract: Refinery wastewater contains a complex pollutant load (hydrocarbons, phenols, heavy metals, sulfides) that requires advanced treatment before discharge. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment system by analyzing physicochemical and bacteriological parameters based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Inorganic Pollution Index (IPO). The methodology employed allowed for 61 days of monitoring at four treatment plant stations. The parameters analyzed included COD, TSS, hydrocarbons, volatile phenols, sulfides, ammonia nitrogen, heavy metals (Pb, As, Cr), and pH. The methods used combined UV spectrophotometry, ICP, and colorimetric tests. The primary treatment reduced COD by 85% and hydrocarbons by 92%. Secondary treatment maintained residual COD at 45.2 mg/L and phenols at 0.15 mg/L. At the outlet, regulatory compliance exceeded 95% for all parameters, with removal rates of 93% (COD), 98.8% (hydrocarbons), and 99.4% (phenols). The IPO and IQE indices confirmed a significant improvement in water quality after treatment. The performance demonstrates the effectiveness of a combined physicochemical and biological approach. Some variations in inlet pH and sulfide levels indicate the need for appropriate pretreatment. The use of the IQE/IPO indices facilitates environmental monitoring and decision-making. The treatment system studied is effective in meeting petroleum wastewater discharge standards. Targeted optimizations, particularly regarding pH regulation and sulfide monitoring, could further improve its performance. This study provides a methodological framework applicable in similar contexts, particularly in the Sahel region.
Abstract: Refinery wastewater contains a complex pollutant load (hydrocarbons, phenols, heavy metals, sulfides) that requires advanced treatment before discharge. This study evaluates the effectiveness of a treatment system by analyzing physicochemical and bacteriological parameters based on the Water Quality Index (WQI) and the Inorganic Pollution Index (IP...
Show More
